Concise History of Western Music, 4e: Chapter 1 Music in Ancient Greece and Early Christian Rome
Title	Description	Reference
Lyre	A plucked string instrument with a resonating sound box, two arms, a crossbar, and strings that run parallel to the soundboard and attach to the crossbar.
Bull lyre	A Sumerian lyre with a bull's head at one end of the sound box.
Harp	A plucked string instrument with a resonating sound box, a neck, and strings in a roughly triangular shape. The strings rise perpendicular from the soundboard to the neck.
Kithara	An ancient Greek instrument, a large lyre.
Genre	Type or category of musical composition, such as sonata or symphony.
Hymn	A song to or in honor of a god. In the Christian tradition, a song of praise sung to God.
Monophonic	Consisting of a single unaccompanied melodic line.
Heterophony	Music or a musical texture in which a melody is performed by two or more parts simultaneously in more than one way, for example, one voice performing simply, and the other with embellishments.
Harmonia	(pl. harmoniai) An ancient Greek term with multiple meanings: (1) the union of parts in an orderly whole; (2) an interval; (3) a scale type; (4) a style of melody.
Ethos	(Greek, "custom") (1) Moral and ethical character or way of being or behaving. (2) The character, mood, or emotional effect of a certain tonos, mode, meter, or melody.
Tetrachord	(from Greek, "four strings") In Greek and medieval theory, a scale of four notes spanning a perfect fourth.
Diatonic	In ancient Greek music, an adjective describing a tetrachord with two whole tones and one semitone.
Enharmonic	In ancient Greek music, an adjective describing a tetrachord comprising a major third and two quartertones, or a melody that uses such tetrachords.
Chromatic	(from Greek chroma, "color") In ancient Greek music, an adjective describing a tetrachord comprising a minor third and two semitones, or a melody that uses such tetrachords.